Идеальная масса тела (Ideal Body Weight)
Quick Definition: Ideal Body Weight (IBW) — это ориентировочный диапазон веса, который считается здоровым и оптимальным для вашего роста, пола и телосложения. В отличие от фактического веса, который может меняться каждый день, IBW даёт целевой ориентир на основе медицинских формул, разработанных и проверенных на протяжении десятилетий.
Что такое Ideal Body Weight?
Ideal Body Weight — расчётная величина, которая оценивает оптимальный вес человека в первую очередь по росту и полу. Это общий ориентир для оценки здоровья, который врачи используют в разных задачах, например:
- Drug dosing: дозировки многих препаратов рассчитывают по IBW, а не по фактическому весу, чтобы снизить риск передозировки у людей с избыточным весом и недодозировки у людей с недостатком веса.
- Nutritional assessment: диетологи используют IBW при составлении рациона и рекомендаций по калорийности.
- Fitness goals: IBW может быть отправной точкой для целей по весу.
- Health screening: помогает оценить риски при заметном отклонении от “идеального” диапазона.
- Ventilator settings: в реанимации IBW используют для расчёта параметров ИВЛ.
7 формул IBW: что они означают
За годы появилось несколько формул — с разной методологией и историческим контекстом. Этот калькулятор показывает результат по семи распространённым формулам, чтобы вы увидели диапазон оценок:
1. Devine Formula (1974) — медицинский стандарт
Одна из самых используемых формул в клинической практике
For Men: IBW (kg) = 50.0 + 2.3 × (height in inches - 60)
For Women: IBW (kg) = 45.5 + 2.3 × (height in inches - 60)
Background: формула разработана Dr. B.J. Devine (1974) изначально для расчёта дозировок лекарств. Со временем стала одним из самых распространённых клинических ориентиров.
Best For: общие медицинские задачи, drug dosing и клинические оценки.
Example: A 5'10" (70 inches) male → IBW = 50.0 + 2.3 × (70 - 60) = 50.0 + 23.0 = 73 kg (161 lb)
2. Robinson Formula (1983)
For Men: IBW (kg) = 52.0 + 1.9 × (height in inches - 60)
For Women: IBW (kg) = 49.0 + 1.7 × (height in inches - 60)
Background: модификация Devine от J.D. Robinson. Обычно даёт немного более высокие значения для невысоких людей и более низкие — для высоких.
Best For: тем, кто хочет более “консервативную” оценку.
Example: A 5'10" (70 inches) male → IBW = 52.0 + 1.9 × (70 - 60) = 52.0 + 19.0 = 71 kg (156 lb)
3. Miller Formula (1983)
For Men: IBW (kg) = 56.2 + 1.41 × (height in inches - 60)
For Women: IBW (kg) = 53.1 + 1.36 × (height in inches - 60)
Background: ещё одна модификация Devine (Dr. Miller, 1983). Часто даёт значения “между” Robinson и Devine.
Best For: как компромисс между разными формулами.
Example: A 5'10" (70 inches) male → IBW = 56.2 + 1.41 × (70 - 60) = 56.2 + 14.1 = 70.3 kg (155 lb)
4. Hamwi Formula (1964)
For Men: IBW (kg) = 48.0 + 2.7 × (height in inches - 60)
For Women: IBW (kg) = 45.5 + 2.2 × (height in inches - 60)
Background: одна из самых старых формул (Dr. G.J. Hamwi, 1964). Создавалась для быстрых расчётов “у постели” и часто даёт более высокие значения для высоких людей.
Best For: быстрые оценки в клинических условиях.
Example: A 5'10" (70 inches) male → IBW = 48.0 + 2.7 × (70 - 60) = 48.0 + 27.0 = 75 kg (165 lb)
5. Broca Formula (1871)
For Both Sexes: IBW (kg) = Height (cm) - 100
Background: одна из самых простых и старых формул (Paul Broca, 1871). Работает только в метрической системе, не различает пол и часто завышает “идеальный” вес для невысоких людей и занижает — для высоких.
Best For: быстрый “в уме” расчёт и историческая справка.
Example: A 178 cm person → IBW = 178 - 100 = 78 kg (172 lb)
6. Lorentz Formula (1929)
For Men: IBW (kg) = (Height [cm] - 100) - ((Height [cm] - 150) / 4)
For Women: IBW (kg) = (Height [cm] - 100) - ((Height [cm] - 150) / 2)
Background: уточнение формулы Broca (Dr. F.J. Lorentz): добавляет различие по полу и лучше корректирует влияние роста.
Best For: европейские популяции (формула строилась на европейских данных).
Example: A 178 cm male → IBW = (178 - 100) - ((178 - 150) / 4) = 78 - 7 = 71 kg (156 lb)
7. Peterson Formula (2016) — подход на основе BMI
For Both Sexes: IBW (kg) = (2.2 × Target BMI) + (3.5 × Target BMI × (Height [m] - 1.5))
Default Target BMI: 22 (можно изменить)
Background: самая новая формула в списке (Peterson et al., 2016). В отличие от “классических” формул, опирается на Body Mass Index (BMI) и позволяет настраивать целевой BMI под вашу задачу. Не зависит от пола и даёт больше гибкости.
Best For: при конкретной цели по BMI, а также для атлетов и бодибилдеров, которым нужна управляемая настройка.
Example: A 1.78 m person with target BMI of 22 → IBW = (2.2 × 22) + (3.5 × 22 × (1.78 - 1.5)) = 48.4 + 21.56 = 69.96 kg (154 lb)
Что такое BMI (индекс массы тела)
BMI — ещё один показатель, который используют, чтобы оценить, находится ли вес в “здоровом” диапазоне. Он считается по формуле:
BMI = Weight (kg) / (Height (m))²
Категории BMI:
| BMI Range | Category | Что это означает |
|---|---|---|
| Below 18.5 | Underweight | Повышенный риск недоедания, ослабление иммунитета, остеопороз |
| 18.5 - 24.9 | Normal Weight | Наименьшие риски — оптимально для большинства |
| 25.0 - 29.9 | Overweight | Повышенный риск болезней сердца, диабета 2 типа, гипертонии |
| 30.0 and above | Obese | Высокий риск серьёзных состояний, включая сердечно‑сосудистые заболевания |
Как пользоваться калькулятором
1 Выберите систему измерений
Выберите Metric (cm, kg) или Imperial (inches, pounds) — как вам удобнее.
2 Укажите пол
Большинство формул учитывает различия между male и female телосложением, поэтому результат меняется.
3 Введите рост
Введите точный рост. Калькулятор принимает значения от 50 cm (20 in) до 300 cm (120 in).
4 Введите текущий вес (опционально)
Если указать вес, калькулятор покажет ваш текущий BMI и разницу с “идеальным” диапазоном.
5 Customize Target BMI (Optional)
Uncheck "Use default BMI of 22" to set a custom target BMI for the Peterson formula calculation.
6 Calculate & Review
Click Calculate to see your ideal weight according to all seven formulas, plus your BMI and healthy weight range.
Understanding Your Results
After calculation, you'll receive several pieces of information:
- Average Ideal Weight: The mean of all seven formulas, giving you a balanced target.
- Individual Formula Results: See how each formula calculates your IBW, with Devine highlighted as the most medically validated.
- Your Current BMI: If you entered your current weight, see where you stand on the BMI scale.
- Weight Difference: How many kg/lb you are above or below your average ideal weight.
- Healthy Weight Range: Based on BMI 18.5-24.9, the minimum and maximum weights considered healthy for your height.
Detailed Calculation Example
Example: Male, 183 cm (6 ft), 80 kg (176 lb)
Step 1: Calculate Each Formula
- Robinson: 52 + 1.9 × (72 - 60) = 52 + 22.8 = 74.8 kg (165 lb)
- Miller: 56.2 + 1.41 × (72 - 60) = 56.2 + 16.92 = 73.1 kg (161 lb)
- Hamwi: 48.0 + 2.7 × (72 - 60) = 48.0 + 32.4 = 80.4 kg (177 lb)
- Devine: 50.0 + 2.3 × (72 - 60) = 50.0 + 27.6 = 77.6 kg (171 lb)
- Broca: 183 - 100 = 83 kg (183 lb)
- Lorentz: (183 - 100) - ((183 - 150) / 4) = 83 - 8.25 = 74.75 kg (165 lb)
- Peterson (BMI 22): (2.2 × 22) + (3.5 × 22 × (1.83 - 1.5)) = 48.4 + 25.41 = 73.8 kg (163 lb)
Average Ideal Weight: (74.8 + 73.1 + 80.4 + 77.6 + 83 + 74.75 + 73.8) / 7 = 76.8 kg (169 lb)
Current BMI: 80 / (1.83)² = 80 / 3.35 = 23.9 (Normal Weight)
Difference from Average IBW: 80 - 76.8 = +3.2 kg (+7 lb)
Healthy Weight Range (BMI 18.5-24.9): 62.0 kg - 83.4 kg (137 lb - 184 lb)
Interpretation: This person is within the normal BMI range and close to their ideal weight according to most formulas. They are slightly above the average IBW but well within the healthy weight range.
Important Limitations and Considerations
Please Note:
- Not for Children: These formulas are designed for adults only. For children and adolescents, consult a pediatrician who will use growth charts and percentiles.
- Not for Pregnancy: Pregnant women should not use IBW calculators. Use pregnancy-specific weight gain calculators instead.
- Body Composition Matters: IBW formulas don't account for muscle mass. Athletes and bodybuilders may have high muscle mass that makes them appear "overweight" by IBW standards, but they're actually very healthy.
- Age Factor: These formulas don't adjust for age. Older adults may have different healthy weight ranges.
- Frame Size: People with larger or smaller bone structures may have different ideal weights.
- Ethnicity: Some research suggests IBW may vary slightly by ethnicity, but most formulas don't account for this.
- Individual Health: Your ideal weight should be determined in consultation with healthcare professionals who can consider your complete medical history.
Frequently Asked Questions
Which IBW formula should I trust most?
The Devine formula is the most medically validated and widely used by healthcare professionals. However, looking at the average of all formulas gives you the most balanced estimate. If there's significant variation between formulas (more than 5-10 kg), consider consulting a healthcare provider for a personalized assessment.
I'm a bodybuilder/athlete. Are these formulas accurate for me?
No, these formulas are not ideal for athletes with high muscle mass. IBW formulas don't differentiate between fat mass and lean muscle mass. Consider using body composition analysis (DEXA scan, bioimpedance analysis) instead, which measures body fat percentage. A better metric for athletes is to aim for a specific body fat percentage rather than a specific weight.
My current weight is outside the "healthy" range. Should I be concerned?
Not necessarily. IBW is a guideline, not an absolute rule. Many factors affect healthy weight, including muscle mass, bone density, and overall health. If you're significantly outside the range, consider consulting a healthcare provider for a comprehensive health assessment. Don't start extreme diets based solely on an IBW calculator result.
What's a healthy rate of weight loss if I'm above my ideal weight?
Healthcare professionals recommend a weight loss rate of 0.25-0.5 kg (0.5-1 lb) per week, which translates to about 1-2 kg (2-4 lb) per month. This gradual approach is sustainable and healthier than rapid weight loss. Remember, you didn't gain weight overnight, and it won't come off overnight either. Slow and steady wins the race!
Is BMI or IBW more accurate?
They serve different purposes. BMI gives you a range of healthy weights, while IBW gives you a specific target. BMI is better for assessing health risks associated with weight, while IBW is better for medical dosing and specific weight goals. Use both together for a complete picture.
Why do the formulas give different results?
Each formula was developed by different researchers at different times using different population samples. The variations (typically 3-8 kg) reflect different approaches to defining "ideal" weight. This is why our calculator shows all seven - to give you a complete picture rather than a single number.
Can I use this calculator if I'm very short or very tall?
The formulas are most accurate for heights between 153 cm (5 ft) and 203 cm (6 ft 8 in). For people significantly outside this range, the formulas may be less accurate, particularly Broca and Lorentz. Individuals who are very short or very tall should consult healthcare professionals for personalized assessments.
How does the Peterson formula differ from others?
The Peterson formula is unique because it's BMI-based and customizable. While traditional formulas give you one fixed number, Peterson allows you to adjust the target BMI based on your goals. If you want a slightly higher or lower IBW, you can customize the target BMI (default is 22). This makes it more flexible for personal goals.
Beyond the Numbers: Holistic Health Assessment
While IBW and BMI are useful tools, they're just numbers. True health encompasses much more:
- Body Composition: Your ratio of fat to muscle matters more than weight alone.
- Waist Circumference: Abdominal fat is a better predictor of health risks than total weight.
- Physical Fitness: Cardiovascular health, strength, and flexibility are crucial indicators.
- Metabolic Health: Blood pressure, cholesterol, blood sugar levels tell a more complete story.
- Mental Well-being: Your relationship with food and body image is essential to overall health.
- Energy Levels: How you feel day-to-day is a valuable health indicator.
- Sleep Quality: Adequate rest is fundamental to weight management and health.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
Consider seeking professional advice if:
- Your BMI is below 18.5 or above 30
- You're planning significant weight loss (more than 10% of body weight)
- You have pre-existing health conditions (diabetes, heart disease, etc.)
- You're an athlete with high muscle mass
- You're pregnant or planning to become pregnant
- You're under 18 or over 65 years old
- You've experienced rapid unexplained weight changes
- You're concerned about your eating habits or body image
The Science Behind the Formulas: Historical Development
Understanding how these formulas came to be provides valuable context:
- 1871 - Broca: The pioneer. Paul Broca, a French physician, created the simplest formula: height - 100. Revolutionary for its time, though crude by modern standards.
- 1929 - Lorentz: Refined Broca's work by adding sex differentiation and height adjustments, recognizing that one-size-fits-all doesn't work.
- 1964 - Hamwi: Developed for quick clinical calculations, still used today in many medical settings.
- 1974 - Devine: The game-changer. Created for drug dosing, it became the medical gold standard due to extensive validation.
- 1983 - Robinson & Miller: Both attempted to refine Devine's formula based on new population data.
- 2016 - Peterson: Brought IBW into the modern era by tying it to BMI, allowing customization and personal goals.
Important Medical Disclaimer
This calculator is for informational and educational purposes only. It should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about your weight, diet, or health. The formulas used are estimates and may not be appropriate for all individuals, particularly children, pregnant women, athletes, elderly individuals, or those with specific medical conditions.
Conclusion: Your Ideal Weight Journey
Your "ideal" weight is personal and multifaceted. This calculator provides science-based estimates from seven validated formulas, giving you a comprehensive view of where you might aim. However, remember that these are guidelines, not commandments. Your actual ideal weight depends on your individual body composition, health status, lifestyle, and goals.
Use this tool as one piece of information in your health journey, not as the sole determinant of your worth or health status. Focus on building healthy habits, feeling good in your body, and maintaining sustainable practices rather than chasing a specific number on the scale.